Grandifloroside shows good antioxidative and potent anti-inflammatory activities, it also exhibits potent inhibitory activity against TNF-α and 5α-reductase, suggests that it might be developed as a source of potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutic agent for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).

β-lonone is an end-ring analog of β-carotenoids which widely distributed in fruit and vegetableswith?anti-proliferative anti-metastatic.

Substance P-related peptide that inhibits binding of G proteins to their receptors. Competitively and reversibly inhibits M2 muscarinic receptor activation of Gi or Go and inhibits Gs activation by β-adrenoceptors.